Shahid Beheshti University Researches in Earth Sciences 2008-8299 11 3 2020 10 22 Investigation of Tabriz urban heat islands with urban livability approach Investigation of Tabriz urban heat islands with urban livability approach 245 262 97406 10.52547/esrj.11.3.245 FA Mahmoud Ahmadi Associate professor of climatology shahid Beheshti University 0000-0003-2574-5140 Mohamma Azadi Mobaraki دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی Journal Article 2020 01 25 Introduction Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a global issue and threaten the performance of cities and urban environments. In recent years, due to the greater concentration of urbanization on one hand and global warming on the other hand, we have witnessed widespread changes in the urban environment. In other words, urban biodiversity in metropolitan areas has been threatened by surface urban heat islands. (SUHI) is one of the major topics in urban climate studies; the surface has a complex structure that can be a combination of vegetation, water and impermeable surfaces and soil. As a result, the land surface temperature (LST) has a great deal of time-space variation. This study investigates the biodiversity approach of urban heat islands in Tabriz. Materials and Methods The processes used to calculate LST in this study are as follows 1) Convert digital image values to spectral radians 2) Conversion of spectral radiance to brightness temperature. 3) Convert brightness temperature to kinetic temperature. After calculating the LST from the Landsat 7 satellite ETM + band, the Fractal Net Evolution Approach (FNEA) is used for LST segmentation. Finally, the Environmental Criticality Index (ECI) was used to study urban viability. Results and Discussion It provides statistical characteristics for the 15 year period of Landsat 7 ETM + satellite images for Tabriz. As shown in the table, the average land surface temperature for the city of Tabriz during the period from 1999 to 2013 is between 30 and 43 degrees Celsius. The lowest LST recorded in Tabriz was 13.40 degrees Celsius on 7.20.2002 and the highest land surface temperature was calculated with 43.94 degrees Celsius on 7.7.2010. The average land surface temperature in most selected images is between 34 and 37 degrees Celsius, and the mean deviation for LST in this metropolis is about 3 degrees Celsius, which plays an important role in the temperature distribution of Tabriz. Conclusion The results showed signs of intensifying effects of SUHI, especially in the period 2013–2010, when urbanization was higher. The maximum deviation from the standard was observed during the study period from 2010 to 2013, with a standard deviation of 4.1 in 2010 and a sensitivity of 4.50 degrees Celsius in 2013, the final year of the survey. The minimum LST was calculated to be 13.40 degrees Celsius in 2002 and its maximum with 43.94 degrees Celsius in 2010. Significant positive correlation was observed between LST and urban areas, confirming the strong influence of urbanization on SUHI formation in Tabriz. Vegetation and its continuous improvement help reduce the effects of SUHI warming. Important thermal islands of Tabriz were identified using Landsat 7 ETM + sensor data including: Tabriz Airport (the largest thermal island in the city); Southwest Industrial Areas; Railway Station, Tabriz Market, High Residential Areas Such as MOLAZINAL and Tabriz metropolitan areas. The ECI map produced in this study also shows the close relationship between LST and NDVI. Therefore, urban green spaces are important components in the concept of urban sustainability development. Introduction Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a global issue and threaten the performance of cities and urban environments. In recent years, due to the greater concentration of urbanization on one hand and global warming on the other hand, we have witnessed widespread changes in the urban environment. In other words, urban biodiversity in metropolitan areas has been threatened by surface urban heat islands. (SUHI) is one of the major topics in urban climate studies; the surface has a complex structure that can be a combination of vegetation, water and impermeable surfaces and soil. As a result, the land surface temperature (LST) has a great deal of time-space variation. This study investigates the biodiversity approach of urban heat islands in Tabriz. Materials and Methods The processes used to calculate LST in this study are as follows 1) Convert digital image values to spectral radians 2) Conversion of spectral radiance to brightness temperature. 3) Convert brightness temperature to kinetic temperature. After calculating the LST from the Landsat 7 satellite ETM + band, the Fractal Net Evolution Approach (FNEA) is used for LST segmentation. Finally, the Environmental Criticality Index (ECI) was used to study urban viability. Results and Discussion It provides statistical characteristics for the 15 year period of Landsat 7 ETM + satellite images for Tabriz. As shown in the table, the average land surface temperature for the city of Tabriz during the period from 1999 to 2013 is between 30 and 43 degrees Celsius. The lowest LST recorded in Tabriz was 13.40 degrees Celsius on 7.20.2002 and the highest land surface temperature was calculated with 43.94 degrees Celsius on 7.7.2010. The average land surface temperature in most selected images is between 34 and 37 degrees Celsius, and the mean deviation for LST in this metropolis is about 3 degrees Celsius, which plays an important role in the temperature distribution of Tabriz. Conclusion The results showed signs of intensifying effects of SUHI, especially in the period 2013–2010, when urbanization was higher. The maximum deviation from the standard was observed during the study period from 2010 to 2013, with a standard deviation of 4.1 in 2010 and a sensitivity of 4.50 degrees Celsius in 2013, the final year of the survey. The minimum LST was calculated to be 13.40 degrees Celsius in 2002 and its maximum with 43.94 degrees Celsius in 2010. Significant positive correlation was observed between LST and urban areas, confirming the strong influence of urbanization on SUHI formation in Tabriz. Vegetation and its continuous improvement help reduce the effects of SUHI warming. Important thermal islands of Tabriz were identified using Landsat 7 ETM + sensor data including: Tabriz Airport (the largest thermal island in the city); Southwest Industrial Areas; Railway Station, Tabriz Market, High Residential Areas Such as MOLAZINAL and Tabriz metropolitan areas. The ECI map produced in this study also shows the close relationship between LST and NDVI. Therefore, urban green spaces are important components in the concept of urban sustainability development.

https://esrj.sbu.ac.ir/article_97406_5e39141ddfc3a3f124c749e9c8895e03.pdf