تأثیر گنبد نمکی درمدان بر رخساره‌ها و دیاژنز نهشته‌های سنومانین ـ سانتونین (ناحیه فارس، زاگرس)

نوع مقاله : علمی -پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 مدیریت اکتشاف، شرکت ملی نفت ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

برای تحلیل حرکت نمک و تاثیرات زمانی و مکانی آن بر سیستم رسوبی دو برش در فواصل دور و نزدیک گنبدنمکی تاقدیس درمدان در شرق ناحیه فارس مطالعه شد. نهشته‌های سنومانین-سانتونین در این ناحیه، بخش بالایی سازند کژدمی، سازند سروک و بخش پایینی سازند گورپی است. ضخامت برش­های مورد مطالعه در برش D1 (دور از گنبد) 170 متر و در برش D2 (نزدیک گنبد) 255 متر است. براساس آنالیز رخساره­ای و خصوصیات سنگ شناختی 8 ریز رخساره کربناته شناسایی شدند. آنالیز رخساره­ها، شیب زیاد رسوبات و کم­عمق شدن رخساره­ها به سمت گنبدنمکی نشان می­دهد که رخساره­ها در یک شلف کربناته نهشته شده­اند. فرایندهای دیاژنزی دررسوبات میکریتی شدن، سیمانی شدن، گلاکونیتی شدن، نئومورفیسم، فشردگی، آشفتگی زیستی و انحلال است که با تغییراتی مانند شکل­گیری سیمان­های دولومیتی و انیدریتی و سیلیسی شدن، آهن­دار شدن و دولومیتی شدن به سمت گنبدنمکی همراه است. این فرایندها در محیط­های دریایی، متئوریک، تدفینی و بالاآمدگی تشکیل شده­اند. با انطباق بین برش­های مورد مطالعه، شواهد متفاوتی در برش D2 نظیر ظهور اربیتولین، جلبک قرمز، آنکوئید، ذرات تبخیری، آذرین و آواری مشاهده شد. با توجه به شواهد می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که گنبدنمکی در زمان رسوبگذاری‌ و پس از آن بر روی نهشته‌های سنومانین-سانتونین تاثیرات زیادی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Darmadan salt plug on facies and diagenesis in the Cenomanian-Santonian deposits (Fars area, Zagros)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Mosavizade 1
  • Mohammad Khanehbad 1
  • Asadollah Mahbobi 1
  • Reza Moussavi-Harami 1
  • Alireza Piryaei 2
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Exploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

IntroductionUpper Cretaceous period can be considered as the peak of diapirism movements in Zagros sedimentary basin (Bosak et al, 1998). After sedimentation of Hormoz salt series, these salts were rising up towards the surface during the Lower Paleozoic (Jahani et al, 2009).  In this study, Cenomanian-Santonian strata in Fars area that consist of Bangestan group (NE-SW trend), have been studied based on effect of local and regional diapirism on these strata.Material and methodOne hundred and sixty samples from two stratigraphic sections (upper part of Kajdumi Formation, Sarvak Formation and lower part of Gurpi Formation) in Darmadan anticline (Near salt dome and far from it) have been studied. All samples shave been stained with alizarin red-s to enhance differentiation of calcite from dolomite (Dickson, 1966). In petrographic studies, skeletal and non-skeletal allochem percentages have been accounted based on Tucker (1991) and Flugel (2010). Identification of microfacies based on Embry and Clovan (1971) and clastisity index based on Carrozi (1989) have been carried out.Results and DiscussionEight microfacies related to the open marine, shoal, lagoon and tidal flat sedimentary environment areas have been identified:Open marine facies:MF1- Pelagic Foraminifera Glauconitic Wackestone/PackstoneMF2- Bioclast Wackestone.MF3- Fine grained Bioclast PackstoneMF4- Intraclast WackestoneMF5- Echinoderm and Rudist debris Packstone to RudstoneShoal microfacies:MF6- Rudist GrainstoneLagoon microfacies:MF7- Orbitolinids Wackestone/PackstoneTidal flat microfacies:MF8- Sandy MudstoneSedimentary environment‌Based on lateral and vertical facies changes, marginal carbonate shelf can be proposed as the sedimentary environment for these strata. In this case, sedimentation has happened in deep, outer shelf, middle shelf and inner shelf areas. Moving towards salt dome, facies change to shoal, lagoon and intertidal shallow facies. This can be due to diapirism movements in the area. Due to upward salt dome movement, some evaporitic clasts have been transported to the sedimentary environment (Giles and Lawton, 2002); this can be observed more in near salt dome sections.Diagenetic process in two sectionsIn areas far from salt dome section, there are some diagenetic processes such as: micritization, cementation (equant), bioturbation and, glaconitization processes, but close to salt dome sections, we can see more diagenetic processes such as: cementation (syntaxial), physical and chemical compactions (stylolite), silicification, dolomitization and hematitization. This fact shows that there are more diagenetic processes in near salt dome sections which can be related to the diapirism movement in this area.ConclusionBased on petrographic studies, eight microfacies related to the carbonate shelf (from open marine to tidal flat) have been identified. Dolomitization, silicification and cementation (anhydrite and dolomite) processes had happened because of supersaturated fluids (high mg) in this area. Some diagenetic processes such as hematitization and physical and chemical compaction have increased once moving towards the salt dome. Comparing two sections to each other based on petrography, microfacies, diagenesis, energy index allochems, siliciclastic particles, gypsum and anhydrite cements, dolomite, etc. show us that diapirism had happened as a syn-sedimentation and post-sedimentation process.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Darmadan anticline
  • Diagenesis
  • Facies
  • Fars
  • Salt plug

مراجع

  1. -جهانی، س.، 1390. تکتونیک نمک، چین خوردگی و گسلش در زاگرس و خلیج فارس، مجموعه مقالات سی امین گردهمایی علوم زمین.
  2. -حیدری، ا.، محبوبی، ا. و موسوی حرمی، ر.، 1388. تفسیر تاریخچه دیاژنز سنگ‌های کربناته سازند چهل‌کمان (پالئوسن پسین) در غرب حوضه رسوبی کپه داغ، فصلنامه زمین‌شناسی ایران، شماره‌ 12، ص 13- 26.
  3. -رضایی پرتو، ک.، رحیم پور بناب، ح.، کدخدایی، ع.، آرین، م. و حاجی کاظمی، ا.، 1394. بررسی رخساره‌های میکروسکوپی، محیط رسوبی و فرایندهای دیاژنز مخزن داریان در میدان نفتی سلمان، فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره‌ 97، ص 267- 278.
  4. -شرکتی، ش.، 1380. نقشه میادین نفتی زاگرس، گزارش داخلی شرکت ملی نفت ایران.
  5. -کاویانپور سنگنو، م.، نامداریان، ا.، موسوی حرمی، ر.، محبوبی، ا. و امیدپور، ا.، 1393. بررسی نقش بافت انیدریت در زون تولیدی سازند آسماری در میدان منصوری، فصلنامه علوم زمین، شماره‌ 94، ص 229-236.
  6. -Aghaei, A., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi Harami, R., Nadjafi, M. and Chakrapani, G., 2014. Carbonate Diagenesis of the upper Jurassic succession in the west of Binalud–Eastern Alborz (NE Iran): Journal Geological Society of India, v. 83, p. 311-328.
  7. -Alavi, M., 1994. Tectonics of the Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations: Tectonophysics, v. 229, p. 211-238.
  8. -Aleali, M., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Moussavi-Harami, R. and Jahani, D., 2013. Environmental and sequence stratigraphic implications of anhydrite textures: A case from the Lower Triassic of the Central Persian Gulf: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 75, p. 110-125.
  9. -Aqrawi, A.A.M., Thehni, G.A., Sherwani, G.H. and Kareem, B.M.A., 1998. Mid Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif formation: an important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian basin, Iraq: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 211, p. 57-82.
  10. -Berberian, M. and King, G.C., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 18, p. 210-265.
  11. -Beigi, M., Jafarian, A., Javanbakht, M., Wanas, H.A., Mattern, F. and Tabatabaei, A., 2017. Facies analysis, diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy of the carbonate evaporite succession of the Upper Jurassic Surmeh Formation: Impacts on reservoir quality (Salman Oil Field, Persian Gulf, Iran): Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 129, p. 179-194.
  12. -Bosak, P., Jaros, J., Spudil, J., Sulovsky, P. and Vaclavek, V., 1998. Salt Plugs in the Eastern Zagros, Iran: Results of Regional Geological Reconnaissance: Geolines (Praha), v. 7, p. 3-174.
  13. -Carozzi, A.V., 1989. Carbonate Rock Depositional Models: A Microfacies Approach: Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 604 p.
  14. -Clifton, F., Jordan, Jr., Thomas, C., Connally, Jr. and Harry, A., 1985. Middle Cretaceous Carbonates of the Mishrif Formation, Fateh Field, Offshore Dubai, U.A.E.: Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, p. 427-442.
  15. -Dickson, J.A.D., 1966. Carbonate identification and genesis as revealed by staining: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 36, p. 441-505.
  16. -Dunham, R.J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture, in W.E. Ham, ed., Classification of carbonate rocks: American Association of Petroleum Geologist Memoir 1, p. 108-121.
  17. -Embry, A.F. and Clovan, J.E., 1971. A late Devonian reef tract on northeastern Banks Island: N.W.T. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, v. 19, p. 730-781.
  18. -Falcon, N.L., 1974. Southern Iran: Zagros Mountain, v. 4, p. 199-211.
  19. -Farzadi, P. and Alaei, B., 2006. Stratigraphic architecture of theZagros Basin: towards an objective comparison of the Fold-Thrust Belt and Foreland provinces: Submitted to the Journal of Petroleum Geology, under consideration for a thematic issue, v. 41, p. 1-45.
  20. -Flugel, E., 2010 Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks, Analysis Interpretation and Application: springer Heidelberg, New York, 984 p.
  21. -Garcia-Garmilla, F. and Elorza, J., 1996. Dolomitization and synsedimentary salt tectonics: the Upper Cretaceous Cueva Formation at El Ribero, northern Spain: Geological magazine, v. 133, p. 721-737.
  22. -Giles, K.A. and Lawton, T.F., 2002. Halokinetic sequence stratigraphy adjacent to the El Papalote diapire, northeastern Mexico: AAPG Bulletin, v. 85, p. 823-840.
  23. -Harrison, J.V., 1930. The geology of some salt diapirs in Laristan (Southern Persia): Quaterly Journal of Geological Society, London, v. 86, p. 463-522.
  24. -Harrison, J.V., 1931. Salt domes in Persia: Journal of Institution of Petroleum Technologists, v. 17, p. 300-320.
  25. -Hasan, A. and Al-Ekabi, S., 2014. Microfacies and environmental study of the Mishrif Formation in Noor Field: Saudi Society for Geosciences, v. 4, p. 5779-5794.
  26. -Huber, H., Afaghi, A. and Salek, M., 1969. Geological map of Iran, Sheet No. 5: South-Central Iran, 1:1000000, National Iranian Oil Company, Exploration and Production.
  27. -Jahani, S., Callot, J.P., Letouzey, J. and De lamotte, D.F., 2009. The eastern termination of the Zagros Fold-and-Thrust Belt, Iran: Structures, evolution and relationships between salt plugs, folding, and faulting Tectonics, v. 28, p. 1-22.
  28. -Mahdi, T.A. and Aqrawi, A.A.M., 2014. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif formation, southern Mesopotamian basin, Iraq: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 373, p. 287-312.
  29. -Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Brenner, R.l. and Gonzalez, L.A., 2002. Diagenetic history of late palaeocene potential carbonate reservoir rocks, Kopeh-Dagh, basin. NE Iran: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 25, p. 465-484.
  30. -Mahboubi, A., Moussavi Harami, R., Carpenter, S.J., Aghaei, A. and Collins, L.B., 2010. Petrographical and geochemical evidences for paragenetic sequence interpretation of diagenesis in mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sediments: Mozduran Formation (Upper Jurassic), south of Agh-Darband, NE Iran: Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 25, p. 231-246.
  31. -Masse, J.P., Fenerci, M. and Pernarcic, E., 2003. Palaeobathymetric reconstruction of peritidal carbonates, Late Barremian, Urgonian, sequences of Provence (SE France): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 200, p. 65-81.
  32. -Mehrabi, H. and Rahimpour-Bonab, H., 2014. Paleoclimate and tectonic controls on the depositional and diagenetic history of the Cenomanian–early Turonian carbonate reservoirs, Dezful Embayment, SW Iran: Facies, v. 60, p. 147-167.
  33. -Mehrabi, H., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Hajikazemi, H. and Jamalian, A., 2015. Controls on depositional facies in Upper Cretaceous carbonate: Facies, v. 61, p. 2-24.
  34. -Moosavizadeh, M.A., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Kavoosi, M.A. and Schlagintweit, F., 2015. Sequence Sratigraphy and platform to basin margin facies transition of the lower Cretaceous Dariyan Formation, northeastern Arabian Plate, Zagros fold-thrust, Iran: Bulletin of Geoscience, v. 90, p. 145-173.
  35. -Motamedi, H., Sepehr, M., Sherkati, S. and Pourkermani, M., 2011. Multi - Phase Hormuz salt diapirism in the southern Zagros, SW Iran: Journal of petroleum Geology, v. 34, p. 29-44.
  36. -Palma, R., Lopez-gomez, J. and Piethe, R., 2007. Oxfordian ramp system (La Manga Formation) in the Baradas Blancas area (Mendoza Province) Neaquen Basin, Argentia, Facies an depositional sequences: Sedimentary Geology, v. 195, p. 113-134.
  37. -Peters, J.M., Filbrandt, J.B., Grotzinger, M.J., Shuster, M.W. and Al-Siyab, H.A., 2003. Surface-piercing salt domes of interior North Oman and their significance for the Ara carbonate ‘stringer’ hydrocarbon play: GeoArabia, v. 8, p. 231-270.
  38. -Perotti, C., Chiariotti, L., Bresciani, I., Cattaneo, L. and Toscani, G., 2016. Evolution and timing of salt diapirism in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf, Tectonophysics, v. 679, p. 180-198.
  39. -Player, R.A., 1969. Salt diapirs study: National Iranian Oil Company, Exploration Division, Report No. 1146, (unpublished)
  40. -Rahnama-Rad, J., Farhoudi, G., Ghorbani, H., Habibi Mood, S. and Derakhshani, R., 2009. Pierced salt domes in the Persian Gulf and in the Zagros mountain ranges in southern Iran and their relationship to hydrocarbon and basement tectonics: Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 1, p. 57-72.
  41. -Razin, P., Taati, F. and Van Buchem, F., 2010. Sequence stratigraphy of Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate platform margins (SarvakFormation) in the High Zagros, SW Iran: an outcrop referencemodel for the Arabian Plate. In: van Buchem FSP, Gerdes KD, Esteban M (eds) Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate systems of the Mediterranean and the Middle East-stratigraphic and diagenetic reference models: Geological Society, London, SpecialPublications, v. 329, p. 187-218.
  42. -Stocklin, J., 1968. Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 52, p. 1229-1258.
  43. -Soleimani ASL, S. and Aleali, M., 2016. Microfacies patterns and depositional environments of the Sarvak Formation inthe Abadan Plain, Southwest of ZagrosIran: Scientific Research Publishing, v. 6, p. 201-209.
  44. -Talebian, M. and Jackson, J., 2004. A reappraisal of earthquake focal mechanisms and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran: Geophys, v. 156, p. 506-527.
  45. -Tianyi, S., Le, K. and Beobei, X., 2015. Some Theories of Carbonate Rock Diagenesis Chaohu for Example: IOSR Journal of Engineering, v. 5, p. 37-41.
  46. -Tucker, M.E., 1991. Sedimentary Petrology: an introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks: Blackwell, Scientific Publication, London, 260 p.
  47. -Van Buchem, F.S.P., Razin, P., Homewood, P.W., Oterdoom, W.H. and Philip, J., 2002. Stratigraphic organization of carbonate ramps and organic-rich intrashelf basins: Natih Formation (middle Cretaceous) of northern Oman: AAPG Bulletin, v. 86, p. 21-54.
  48. -Van Buchem, F.S.P., Simmons, M.D., Droste, H.J. and Davies, R.B., 2011. Late Aptian to Turonian stratigraphy of the eastern Arabian Plate–depositional sequences and lithostratigraphic nomenclature: Petroleum Geoscience, v. 171, p. 211-222.
  49. -Venus, J.H., Mountney, N.P. and McCaffrey, W.D., 2015. Syn-sedimentary salt diapirs as a control on fluvial system evolution: an example from the proximal Permian Cutler Group, SE Utah, U.S.A.: Basin Research, v. 27, p. 152-182.
  50. -Villasenor-Rojas, P.E., Roure, F. and Lallemant, S., 2003. Salt Diapirism Rise and its Incidence on Facies Distribution and Reservoir Characteristics in Lower Cretaceous Carbonates, Cardenas Field, Mexico: AAPG International Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
  51. -Wilson, J.L., 1975. Carbonate Facies in Geologic History: New York (Springer), 471 p.
پژوهشهای دانش زمین
دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41
پژوهشی
فروردین 1399
صفحه 109-129

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار