زیست چینه‌نگاری، زیست رخساره‌های کنودونتی نهشته‌های دونین بالایی-کربنیفر زیرین (می‌سی سی پین) در برش تویه-دروار دامغان، البرز شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

بررسی فونای کنودونتی نهشته­های دونین پسین-کربونیفر پیشین(تورنزین) سازندهای جیرود و مبارک در برش تویه-دروار جنوب غربی دامغان، واقع در زون البرز شرقی، منجر به شناسایی تعداد 32 گونه­ از 10 جنس کنودونتی شد و بر همین اساس تعداد 12 زون زیستی کنودونتی تفکیک گردید؛ که از این تعداد 9 زیست زون مربوط به دونین پسین(فامنین پسین) و 3 زیست زون مربوط به کربنیفر پیشین(تورنزین) می­باشد. مرز زیستی دونین / کربونیفر در این برش ناپیوسته هم­شیب و منطبق بر افق نازک ماسه­سنگی در قاعده سنگ آهک­های سازند مبارک می­باشد. با بررسی­های صحرایی در برش مذکور تعداد 9 واحد سنگ چینه­ای تفکیک گردید و انطباق منحنی­های تغییرات سطح آب براساس زیست رخساره­های کنودونتی با منحنی تغییرات سطح آب جهانی حاکی از تطابق نسبی در زمان­های مذکور دارد که علت آن کم عمق بودن حوضه البرز شرقی (حاشیه شمالی گندوانا) نسبت به حوضه­های اروپا و آمریکا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biostratigraphy and conodont biofacies of Upper Devonian-Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) deposits at Tuye-Darvar section, Southwestern Damghan, Eastern Alborz

نویسندگان [English]

  • elahe sattari 1
  • Ali Bahrami 1
  • Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam 1
  • Azizollah Taheri 2
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahroud University of Technology, Shahroud, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Close to the DCB, Hangenberg Event have occurred, due to rising global temperatures, evidence of sea level rise, eutrophic conditions, anoxic conditions, rising carbon burial, formation of the Hangenberg Black Shale, and depletion of shallow and especially deep marine fauna in deposits (De Vleeschouwer et al, 2013). The Jeirud Formation in its type section (consists of sandstone, brachiopod-bearing dark shales, and phosphate horizons) diconformably covers the Mila Formation, and is continously underlain by the Mobarak Formation (Bozorgnia, 1973).
Materials and methods
The Tuye-Darvar section location
The Tuye-Darvar section is located Eastern Alborz Zone, adjacent to Darvar village (southwest of Damghan city) with base of the section: 36° 01' 27.31" N, 53° 53' 17.33" E; top of the section:36° 01' 19.32" N, 53° 53' 33.03" E.
Method of study
After detailed field studies, 44 rock samples were collected to study the conodont fauna based on standard methods (Jeppson and Anehus, 1995). After sediment dissolution, washing and hand picking under binocular microscope, stub preparation and gluing conodonts on aluminum base, determining the color alternation index of conodonts with the help of standard tables, preparing SEM photos, naming and identifying conodonts and their biozones was performed based on global refrences (Sandberg et al, 1978; Ziegler et al, 1990; Hartenfels, 2011; Corradini et al, 2016; Spalletta et al, 2017).
Results and discussion
Lithostratigraphy
Jeirud Formation: The thickness of the Jeirud Formation in this section is 166 m, and includes the lower siliciclastic part with a thickness of 84 m and consists of 3 Lithostratigraphy units (included sandstone, conglomerate and shale) and the upper carbonate-siliciclastic part with a thickness of 82 m and consists of 3 Lithostratigraphy units (included sandstone, dolomites, microconglomerate, shale and limestone).
Mobarak Formation: The Mobarak Formation disconformably covers the Jeirud Formation, with thickness 81.5 m thickness and underlies the vermiculite limestones of the Elika Formation (Triassic) through a fault surface. Based on the lithological characteristics, three stratigraphic units can be distinguished in this interval (including dark limestone and shale).
 
 
Conodont biostratigraphy
Study on the conodonts in the mentioned section led to the discrimination 32 species within 10 genera: Bispathodus, Branmehla, Clydagnathus, Gnathodus, Polygnathus, Pseudopolygnathus, Palmatolepis, Protognathodus, Scaphygnathus, Siphonodella
According to the age range of conodont species, 12 conodont zonation were identified, of which 9 biozones belong to the Late Devonian (Late Famennian) and 3 biozones belong to the Early Carboniferous (Mississippian).
The Late Devonian biozones included: 1. Pseudopolygnathus granulosus Zone, 2. Polygnathus styriacus Zone, 3. Palmatolepis gracilis manca Zone, 4. Palmatolepis gracilis expansa Zone, 5. Bispathodus aculeatus aculeatus Zone, 6. Bispathodus costatus Zone, 7. Bispathodus ultimus Zone, 8. Siphonodella praesulcata Zone to ckI Zone, 9. Protognathodus kockeli Zone
And the Late Carboniferous included: 10. Siphonodella sulcata Zone – L. Siphonodella crenulata Zone, 11. Siphonodella isosticha-U. Siphonodella crenulata Zone – Gnathodus typicus Zone, 12. Scalignathus anchoralis-Doliognathus latus Zone
Sea level changes and the paleoenvironment of the Tuye-Darvar section
With combination of the 2 biofacies models to the Late Devonian deposits according to Sandberg and Dreseen (1984) studies and to the Early Carboniferous deposits according to Sandberg and Gutschick (1984) studies, conodont biofacies in the studied section was studied in the Late Devonian and the Early Carboniferous, that according to that, dominant biofacies in Late Devonian included (Polygnathid, Pseudopolygnathid, Bispathodid and Bispathodid-polygnathid) and dominant biofacies in the Early Carboniferous included (Bispathodid-polygnathid, Polygnathid, Pseudopolygnathid, Gnathodid and Gnathodid- pseudopolygnathid).
Conclusion
The lithostratigraphy study of the Tuye-Darvar section in Eastern Alborz Zone due to identified 9 lithostratigraphy unit belong to Jeirud Formation with the Late Devonian period and the Mobarak Formation with the Early Carboniferous period. 32 number of species within 10 genera were recognize, that base on this, 12 biozones in the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous were separated. With study of biofacieces, in the Late Devonian and the Early Carboniferous, that according to that, dominant biofacies in Late Devonian included (Polygnathid, Pseudopolygnathid, Bispathodid and Bispathodid-polygnathid) and dominant biofacies in the Early Carboniferous included (Bispathodid-polygnathid, Polygnathid, Pseudopolygnathid, Gnathodid and Gnathodid- pseudopolygnathid).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tuye-Darvar section
  • Late Devonian
  • Conodont biofacies
  • Conodont biozones
  • Early Carboniferous

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