Assessing and evaluating the spatial-economic synergy potentials of metropolitan reigns (Case study: Tehran metropolitan region)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
In the field of regional synergistic development, synergy is defined as the cooperation, interaction, and benefit of subsystems from the benefits of interactions. Synergy is achieved through collaboration and complementarity and requires a high level of interaction to create the necessary network correlations to compensate for interdependence. Hence, regional synergy refers to regional cooperation, close communication, and continuity of interaction. Therefore, it can be said that regional amplification is the interaction between regions and a combination of cooperation and competition between regions, which aims to achieve an optimal system in which the effects of two or more structures or functions of a partner and each other. Consistently more than the sum of the effects of individual components and functions alone, various studies have explored the concept of synergy in the development of multicenter regions, ecosystems and energy, social theories, national and regional innovation systems, and economies of scale. Urban accumulation, regional growth, business development, have been used. But what has not been evaluated is the application of this concept in the field of economic development, especially in metropolitan areas of developing countries, which are still involved in imbalance, lack of integration, functional coherence and unbalanced distribution of activities. The metropolitan area of ​​Tehran is no exception to this rule. Due to the significant concentration of manpower, resources and economic enterprises, this region is known as the beating heart of the country, which can play the role of a locomotive and railroad for national development.
Materials and methods
The research method is quantitative. The research index has been determined according to the theoretical foundations and research background. To conduct the research, about twelve thousand companies were located in the metropolitan area of Tehran based on 28 active ISIC codes. Then, the flow of goods between the cities of the region was collected and analyzed based on the information of the Road Authority using network analysis. In order to analyze the internal relations of firms, based on the output data table, the two-region method was prepared and the relations between manufacturing firms were evaluated.
Results and discussion
The study of industry specialization shows that the activities of radio, television and communication devices, energy production, computer and engineering activities, tobacco products and mining have the highest level of specialization over a period of twenty years. On the other hand, the study of the degree of specialization of activities shows that the coefficient of specialization of activities has decreased. This means that the cities of the province have a tendency towards similarity in industrial activities, which creates the ground for increasing synergy. A study of the spatial distribution of industries in 1975 shows that food and beverage products, other non-metallic mineral products, fabric metal products, rubber and plastic products have the most homogeneous spatial distribution in the metropolitan area, respectively. In 1995, the spatial distribution of industries tended to be more balanced, and thirteen disciplines of industrial activity tended to be more balanced in the region. Fabric metal products, construction of machinery and equipment, rubber and plastic products, food and beverages have the highest spatial balance between industries in the metropolitan area. Spatial analysis of industrial enterprises shows that the industrial enterprises of the province, affected by the factor of access and mobility of production factors, tend to disperse. In other words, the expansion of industries corresponding to the expansion of the communication network has taken place, and the returns caused by the scale in the cities of Rey, Karaj, Savojbolagh, Pakdasht, next to Tehran, have attracted economic enterprises to these cities. In terms of spatial concentration of employment, in 1996, the city of Tehran had 84% of the employment of industrial enterprises, which after two decades, this amount has decreased and reached 45.42%. In contrast, the share of other cities in the metropolitan area of ​​Rey (9/22), Karaj (8/04), Pakdasht (6/86) and Savojbolagh (6/27) has increased. The study of the degree of clustering of economic activities in the metropolitan area shows that food and beverage products, other non-metallic mineral products, construction of machinery and equipment, machinery and electrical appliances, metal fabric products, manufacturing Chemical materials and products, rubber and plastic products, medical tools, optics, textiles, have the highest rate of spatial clustering among the industrial enterprises of the province, respectively. The study of employment of industrial enterprises shows that ten fields of industrial activity constitute about 80% of employment and 78% of the number of industrial workshops in the province.
Conclusion
The results show that the metropolitan area of ​​Tehran has various economic and spatial capabilities to achieve economic development. Examination of indicators such as specialization, centralism, accumulation, diversity and clustering as a result of synergy shows that if the desired policies in this area of ​​the metropolitan area, the ability It plays an irreplaceable role in the development of the national economy. The study of the place specialization index shows that Tehran is still known as the most specialized city in the metropolitan area. However, over time, other cities have also increased in terms of specialization. The distribution of manufacturing enterprises in the region, according to Moran statistics, shows that after two decades, the spatial distribution of enterprises tends to become clustered. In addition, the spatial distribution of enterprises has been in line with the trend of expanding the communication axes of metropolitan areas. In examining the space accumulation index, which analyzes the situation of the whole industry with respect to continuous space, they tend to be one-sided.

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Main Subjects

References

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