قویدل رحیمی، ی.، 1390. شناسایی،طبقه بندی و تحلیل سینوپتیک موج ابر گرم تابستان 1389 ایران، مجله مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک، شماره 3، صص85- 100.
Bibiana,s., Carolina,S and Vera, B., Liebmann., 2006. The Nature of a Heat Wave in Eastern Argentina Occurring during SALLJEX .monthly weather review, v. 135, p. 1165-1174.
Campetella, C and Rusticucci, M., 1998. Synoptic analysis of an extreme heat wave over Argentina in March 1980, Meteorological Applications, v.5, p. 217–226.
Chen, F and Konrad, C., 2006. A Synoptic climatology of summertime heat and humidity in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 45: 674-685.
Cony, M and Martin, L., 2010. Synoptic patterns that contribute to extremely hot days in Europe, Atmosfera, v. 23, p. 295-306.
Easterling D, R., Evans, JL., Ya Groisman, P., Karl, TR., Kunkel, KE and Ambenje, P., 2000. Observed Variability and Trends in Extreme Climate Events: A Brief Review, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 81, p. 417-425.
Feudale, L and Shukla, J., 2011. Influence of sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer, Part I: an observational study, Climate Dynamics, v.36, p. 1691-1703.
Garcia, R., Prieto, L., Dıaz, J., Hern´andez, E., and Del Teso, T., 2002. Synoptic conditions leading to extremely high temperatures in Madrid, Annales Geophysicae, v. 20, p. 237–245.
Kadokura, S and Kato, H., 2005. Seasonal /Regional variation of variability characteristic of daily maximum/minimum temperatures in Japan observed and reproduced by RegCM nested in NCAR-CSM, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, v. 83, p. 69-87.
Kotlyakov, V M and Komarova, AI., 2007. Elsevier's Dictionary of Geography, Elsevier, Moscow, 1073 p.
Laurence, S., Kalkstein, J., Greene, S., Mills, DM., Perrin, A., Samenow, JP and Cohen, JC., 2008. Analog European Heat waves for U.S Cities to analyze impacts on heat-Related mortality, American Meteorological Society, v. 89, p. 75–85.
Miller, L., Hayhoe, K., Jin, J and Auffhammer, M., 2008. Climate, Extreme Heat, and Electricity Demand in California, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, v. 47, p. 1834- 1844.
Peterson, TC., Folland, C., Gruza, G., Hogg, W., Mokssit, A and Plummer, N., 2001. Report of the Activities of the Working Group on Climate Change Detection and Related Rapporteurs, World Meteorological Organization Technical Document No. 1071,World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 146 p.
Seluchi, M., Norte, F., Gomes, J and Simonelli, S., 2006. Synoptic and thermodynamic analysis of an extreme heat wave over subtropical South America, Proceedings of 8 ICSHMO, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, April 24-28, 2006, INPE, p. 2009-2010.
Susanna, C., Masocco, M., Meli, P., Minelli, G., Palummeri, E., Solimini, R., Toccaceli, V and Vichi, M., 2007. General and specific mortality among the elderly during the 2003 heat wave in Genoa (Italy), Environmental Research, v.103, p. 267–274.
Ting, D., Weihong, Q and Zhongwei, Y., 2010. Changes in hot days and heat waves in China during 1961–2007, International Journal of Climatology, v. 30, p. 1452–1462
Zhang, Q., Xu, C., Zhang, Z., Ren, G and Chen, Y., 2008. Climate change or variability? The case of Yellow river as indicated by extreme maximum and minimum air temperature during 1960-2004, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, v. 93, p. 35-43.