The role of rural-urban bonds in economic developments and poverty reduction in rural areas of Iran" (case study: Songhor area)

Extended abstract
Introduction
Rural poverty is a multidimensional subject depending on various factors such as the level of economic growth of villagers and income distribution. On the eve of the third millennium, poverty and unfair distribution of income and wealth, has led to the imbalance of capital, welfare facilities, successive rural-urban migration and economic imbalance of the regions. Imbalance between urban and rural areas can be considered as one among many. It is considered as one of the most important problems in urban and rural communities. Paying attention to rural poverty and accurate knowledge of issues related to Iranian villages in terms of socio-cultural, economic and environmental fields is of great importance. In some cases, the root of all problems and backwardness issues such as poverty, spatial inequality, unemployment, rapid urban population growth are due to rural-urban migration. This is also due to lack of capital flow, lack of adequate facilities, low income, and declining productivity of agricultural activity as well as weak services in rural areas. Among these, the role of rural-urban links as a close interaction and two-way flow between urban and rural settlements can create economic networks. Rural-urban connections have a spatial nature and refer to the flow of people, goods, services, money, capital and information between urban centers and rural centers. This is the most important part of the connection and interaction between urban and rural areas in the economic field.
Materials and methods: This study aims to identify the flows and practices that occur between the city district and surrounding villages to investigate the economic flows and the performance between them in reducing poverty in rural areas. In conducting this research, field and library methods and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. This shows the intensity and type of relationship between indicators and variables according to the purpose of the research. The statistical population of the study are the villages of the central part of the city of Songor, which have been selected as a statistical population in a cluster of 15 villages located in the area.
Results and discussion
Songor city has the ability to provide various services and facilities of welfare and livelihood and optimal investments to the surrounding villages. It also supports rural products, while providing the conditions for economic growth and development of rural areas. This can lead to changes and spatial developments in the social and economic fields of the villages. On the other hand, the residents of the studied villages can establish economic flows, trade and investment in the productive sectors. This can occur through formal and informal credits, market diversity and housing. It causes the dynamics of the economy and the growth of the city of Songor. These currents, if accompanied by a proper and planned framework, will lead to the formation of rural-urban links and spatial developments in the villages around the city of Songor and economic developments among urban and rural areas. In this study factors affecting spatial developments from different economic aspects and poverty reduction such as employment, formal and informal credits, housing foundation renovation and improvement loans, public and private investments and the availability of durable facilities and goods in rural areas are examined.
Conclusion
The results of the research indicate the formation of economic and service flows between the city districts and the surrounding villages, which has led to the creation of rural-urban links in the economic developments of rural areas. Remittances show employment of villagers in the city. Formal and informal credit, public and private investments have led to continuity of flows and a close and two-way relationship between the city districts and the surrounding rural areas in terms of performance. This improves the finances of rural households and reduces their economic poverty due to the currents.