Classification of the new raster-based method for Iranian regional climate

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Introduction

Climate is a general state of the prevailing weather conditions of a specific place based on long-term statistics.The diversity of climatic elements is effective in determining the climate of an area and causes the formation of diverse and different climates. A comparison of the recorded climate characteristics in different places on the earth shows that there are significant differences in the surface of this planet.Knowing the air and finally, the weather is one of the very important topics that have been of interest to humans since ancient.Knowing the natural characteristics of each region, especially the weather, can play a major role in planning and preparing the land.Also, in area studies where more stations or cells are used, it adds to the complexity and difficulty of the study. Therefore, to achieve this, climatic zoning seems necessary to identify different regions in terms of climate and plan accordingly. From the point of view of a geographer, climate zoning means organizing and grouping the climate of regions in such a way that each region has similar climatic characteristics.

Materials and methods

This study focuses on Iran, located in southwest Asia. In this research, ground data on minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity from 92 synoptic stations between 1980 and 2019 were used from the Meteorological Organization. The data were interpolated using the CoKriging.This process is necessary to understand the climatic regions, the behavior of climatic elements in these regions, and the point nature of climatic data. The descriptive specifications, clustering analysis, and the Euclidean distance method were used to determine the distance between individuals.

Results and discussion

the climatic zones of Iran were divided into ten meaningful classes based on the main elements that shape it. The influence of internal factors is very important in the formation of climatic zones. Internal factors include geological features, altitudes, land roughness, geography of the region, and the amount of precipitation and temperature in the region. These factors all affect together and affect the formation of different characteristics in climatic zones. The first zone covers south-east Peskraneh. The area of this area includes 7% of the country's area. The average temperature in this section is 25 degrees Celsius, the standard deviation of temperature is 1.3, and the standard deviation of precipitation is 15.3. The second zone of the south and southwest banks covers about 13% of the country's area. The average temperature in this section is about 25 degrees Celsius, as in the first zone, but the standard deviation of temperature is 0.3 more than that of the eastern banks, and the standard deviation of precipitation is 68.43 much higher than that of the eastern bank. The third zone, east-central Iran, is about 27% of the country's area and is the largest climatic zone. The average temperature in this section is 19.85 degrees Celsius. Its precipitation standard deviation of 16 and very low relative humidity of about 27% have the lowest regional humidity in Iran. The fourth marginal zone of the first eastern central Iran is about 13% of the country's area and the second largest climatic zone of the country. The average temperature in this section is 17.8 degrees Celsius, the closest value to the average temperature of the whole country. The cities of Isfahan and Qom are located in this area. The fifth marginal zone of the second east of central Iran is about 12.89% of the country's area. The average temperature in this part is about 16 degrees Celsius and its relative humidity is 10% higher than the first border of eastern central Iran. The sixth zone of western-southwestern Zagros is about 298.4% of the country's area. The average temperature in this part is 19.2 degrees Celsius and the rainfall is about 500 mm. The seventh zone of Zagros-Alborzi is semi-high, the average temperature in this section is about 14 degrees Celsius and the rainfall is about 420 mm less than the high Zagros. However its relative humidity is 12% higher, which can indicate the complex role of unevenness in obtaining atmospheric humidity. The 8th zone of Zagros-Alborzi is very high and can be seen in three separate areas in the south-west, west and, part of the north of the country. The average temperature in this section is 14.04 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity is 63% and the amount of precipitation is 728 mm.

The ninth zone is West Azeri-Kurdish, and the average temperature in this section is 11.98 degrees Celsius. It has the lowest temperature among other parts of the country. The rainfall of this area is 310.5 and the average minimum temperature is 6.23 degrees, lower than other areas.

The tenth section of the west bank of the Caspian Sea is the smallest section of the country. The average temperature in this part is 15.5 degrees Celsius and with its rainfall of 1137.05 mm, it accounts for the highest rainfall in the country.

Conclusion

The results showed that Iran can be divided into 10 significant climatic regions. The largest region is Central Eastern, which covers about one-third of the country. The average temperature in this region is around 20 degrees Celsius, and the average annual rainfall is 90 millimeters. The smallest region is also the western Caspian coast, which covers about 0.44% of the country's area and is the rainiest climatic region with more than 1137 millimeters of rainfall. The southeastern arid region has the highest average temperature of over 25 degrees, while the western Azerbaijan-Kurdistan region is the coldest with an average of 12 degrees. The number of climatic regions in Iran is higher in the north than in the south and higher in the west than in the east. The uneven topography and the frequency of input systems from the west have created more areas in the north and west of the country. The spatial distribution of various climatic regions not only justifies the role of input climatic factors in the Country, but also shows the influence of internal factors such as topography in shaping microclimates, such as the elevated Zagros-Alborz in the country.Conclusion

The results showed that Iran can be divided into 10 significant climatic regions. The largest region is Central Eastern, which covers about one-third of the country. The average temperature in this region is around 20 degrees Celsius, and the average annual rainfall is 90 millimeters. The smallest region is also the western Caspian coast, which covers about 0.44% of the country's area and is the rainiest climatic region with more than 1137 millimeters of rainfall. The southeastern arid region has the highest average temperature of over 25 degrees, while the western Azerbaijan-Kurdistan region is the coldest with an average of 12 degrees. The number of climatic regions in Iran is higher in the north than in the south and higher in the west than in the east. The uneven topography and the frequency of input systems from the west have created more areas in the north and west of the country. The spatial distribution of various climatic regions not only justifies the role of input climatic factors in the Country, but also shows the influence of internal factors such as topography in shaping microclimates, such as the elevated Zagros-Alborz in the country.Conclusion

The results showed that Iran can be divided into 10 significant climatic regions. The largest region is Central Eastern, which covers about one-third of the country. The average temperature in this region is around 20 degrees Celsius, and the average annual rainfall is 90 millimeters. The smallest region is also the western Caspian coast, which covers about 0.44% of the country's area and is the rainiest climatic region with more than 1137 millimeters of rainfall. The southeastern arid region has the highest average temperature of over 25 degrees, while the western Azerbaijan-Kurdistan region is the coldest with an average of 12 degrees. The number of climatic regions in Iran is higher in the north than in the south and higher in the west than in the east. The uneven topography and the frequency of input systems from the west have created more areas in the north and west of the country. The spatial distribution of various climatic regions not only justifies the role of input climatic factors in the Country, but also shows the influence of internal factors such as topography in shaping microclimates, such as the elevated Zagros-Alborz in the country.

Conclusion

The results showed that Iran can be divided into 10 significant climatic regions. The largest region is Central Eastern, which covers about one-third of the country. The average temperature in this region is around 20 degrees Celsius, and the average annual rainfall is 90 millimeters. The smallest region is also the western Caspian coast, which covers about 0.44% of the country's area and is the rainiest climatic region with more than 1137 millimeters of rainfall. The southeastern arid region has the highest average temperature of over 25 degrees, while the western Azerbaijan-Kurdistan region is the coldest with an average of 12 degrees. The number of climatic regions in Iran is higher in the north than in the south and higher in the west than in the east. The uneven topography and the frequency of input systems from the west have created more areas in the north and west of the country. The spatial distribution of various climatic regions not only justifies the role of input climatic factors in the Country, but also shows the influence of internal factors such as topography in shaping microclimates, such as the elevated Zagros-Alborz in the country.