ارزیابی یکپارچه دلبستگی و تعلق ساکنان شهر از مولفه‌های عملکردی زیست پذیری شهری و روابط اجتماعی همسایگان (مطالعه موردی: منطقه 8 تبریز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه معماری و شهرسازی، عضو باشگاه نخبگان و پژوهشگران جوان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: در این پژوهش به سنجش رضایت از محیط شهری و روابط همسایگی در محلات شهری به عنوان عوامل موثر بر زیست­پذیری در شهر تبریز پرداخته شده ‌است. در همین راستا بهبود محیط‌های شهری باید به گونه‌ای اولویت‌بندی شود که دسترسی به امکانات شهری را افزایش دهد و ساکنان را به تعامل با یکدیگر تشویق کند. تبریز نمونه شهری است که شهرنشینی سریعی را تجربه کرده ‌است و در حال تبدیل شدن به الگوی توسعه برای بسیاری از شهرهای کشور ایران است. تامل در عوامل موثر بر رضایت ساکنان از زیست­پذیری شهر تبریز می‌تواند پیامدهای مهمی برای بسیاری از شهرهای در حال توسعه کشورمان داشته باشد.
مواد و روش­ها: این مقاله با استفاده از روش توصیفی - تحلیلی و پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی انجام گرفته است. جمع­آوری داده­ها با پرسشنامه انجام شده، جامعه آماری جمعیت شهر تبریز است که براساس سالنامه آماری سال 96 برابر 1595676 نفر می­باشد و حجم نمونه برابر 384 نفر شد که براساس فرمول کوکران به دست آمد. و علاوه بر این، پاسخ دهندگان به­طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. آیتم‌ها با استفاده از مقیاس پنج نقطه‌ای لیکرت رتبه‌بندی شدند. اول، رضایت از محیط شهری از نظر دسترسی، دلپذیری و ایمنی رتبه‌بندی شد‏ عامل دسترسی از طریق سطح رضایت از دسترسی به موسسات عمومی، امکانات فرهنگی، امکانات تجاری و امکانات پزشکی اندازه‌گیری شد. دسترسی از نظر درک و احساس انسان­ها بررسی شد. عامل دلپذیری هم از نظر رضایت از پارک‌های سبز و محیط طبیعی اطراف سنجیده شد. عامل ایمنی از نظر ایمنی ناشی از بلایای طبیعی، جرم و جنایت، و ... اندازه‌گیری شد. در این مطالعه، دسترسی، دلپذیری و ایمنی، که زیر مولفه‌های رضایت از محیط شهری هستند، به عنوان متغیرهای برونزا سازماندهی شدند، در حالی که روابط همسایگی به عنوان یک میانجی طبقه‌بندی شدد و زیست­پذیری به عنوان یک متغیر درونزا در نظر گرفته شد‏. همه تحلیل‌ها از طریق نرم­افزار SPSS وAMOS  انجام شد. از طرفی، معادله ساختاری (SEM) می‌تواند اثرات مستقیم و غیر مستقیم بر متغیر وابسته را تعیین کند.
بحث و نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که با مقایسه اثر کل هر عامل روی زیست­پذیری، عامل دسترسی بیشترین تاثیر داشته است. به علاوه، ثابت شد که اثر غیرمستقیم روابط همسایگی بین ایمنی و زیست­پذیری بیشترین بوده است. این بدین معنی است که رضایتمندی بیشتر در روابط همسایگی بیشتر می­تواند تاثیر ایمنی بر روی زیست­پذیری را افزایش دهد. همچنین مشخص شد که هرچقدر رضایت از محیط شهری بیشتر باشد به همان اندازه نیز تاثیر مثبتی بر زیست­پذیری دارد. ​
نتیجه­ گیری: بنابراین برای ارتقا کیفیت زیست­پذیری در شهر تبریز باید بر رضایت از محیط شهری و روابط همسایگی توجه بیشتری شود هر چقدر روابط همسایگی و رضایت از محیط شهری ارتقا پیدا کند به همان اندازه نیز شرایط زیست­پذیری در شهر تبریز بیشتر می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Integrated assessment of city residents' satisfaction with viability in Tabriz city by structural equation method (Case study: Zone 8)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Zeynali Azim 1
  • Islam Karami 2
1 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: In this study, satisfaction with the functional component of urban livability and neighborhood relations in urban areas as factors affecting place attachment in the city of Tabriz has been studied. In this regard, the improvement of urban environments should be prioritized in a way that increases access to urban facilities and encourages residents to interact with each other. Tabriz is an example of a city that has experienced rapid urbanization and is becoming a model of development for many cities in Iran. Reflection on the factors affecting the residents' satisfaction with the functional component of viability of the city of Tabriz can have important consequences for many developing cities in our country.
Materials and methods: This article has been done using descriptive-analytical and survey method and using library and field tools. The data collection was done with a questionnaire, the statistical population of the Tabriz city is 1595676 people based on the statistical yearbook of 2016 and the sample size was 384 people, which was obtained based on Cochran's formula. In addition, respondents were randomly selected. Items were ranked using a five-point Likert scale. First, satisfaction with the functional component of urban livability was ranked in terms of accessibility, pleasantness and safety. The access factor was measured through the level of satisfaction with access to public institutions, cultural facilities, commercial facilities and medical facilities. Access was assessed for human perception and emotion. The pleasant factor was also measured in terms of satisfaction with green parks and the surrounding natural environment. The safety factor was measured in terms of safety from natural disasters, crime, etc. In this study, accessibility, pleasantness and safety, which are sub-components of functional component of urban livability satisfaction, were organized as exogenous variables, while neighborhood relations were classified as a mediator and place attachment was considered as an endogenous variable. All analyzes were performed using SPSS and AMOS software. On the other hand, structural equation (SEM) can determine the direct and indirect effects on the dependent variable.
Results and discussion: The results showed that by comparing the total effect of each factor on place attachment, the access factor had the greatest impact. In addition, the indirect effect of neighborhood relationships between safety and place attachment was found to be greatest. This means that greater satisfaction in neighborhood relationships can increase the impact of safety on place attachment. It was also found that the higher the satisfaction of the urban environment, the more positive effect it has on place attachment.
Conclusion: Therefore, in order to improve the quality of place attachment in the city of Tabriz, more attention should be paid to satisfaction with the functional component of urban livability and neighborhood relations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Viability
  • Neighborhood relations
  • Satisfaction
  • Tabriz City
  • Urban environment
-Abdullah, A., Safizadeh, M., Hedayati Marzbali, M. and Maghsoodi Tilaki, M.J., 2021. The mediating role of sense of belonging in the relationship between the built environment and victimisation: a case of Penang, Malaysia, Open House International, v. 46, p. 173-188. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-11-2020-0164
-Altman, I. and Low, S., 1992. Place Attachment, New York: Plenum.
-Azar, A., 2021. Investigating the rate of urban viability at Gated comminutes: The metropolitan city of Tabriz, Sociological studies, v. 14(50), p. 7-30 (in Persian).
-Bassolas, A., Barbosa-Filho, H., Dickinson, B., Dotiwalla, X., Eastham, P., Gallotti, R. and Ramasco, J.J., 2019. Hierarchical organization of urban mobility and its connection with city viability viabilityviability, Nature Communications, v. 10, p. 413-432. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12809-y.
-Basiri, M. and Zeynali azim, A., 2019. The study of urban furniture on quality of urban environment (A case study of around Tabriz Imam Street from Saat Square to Abresan), Geography (Regional Planning), v. 9(35), p. 229-248 (in Persian).
-Benita, F., Kalashnikov, V. and Tuncer, B., 2021. A Spatial Viability ViabilityViability Index for dense urban centers. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, v. 48, p. 2006-2022. 239980832096015. doi:10.1177/2399808320960151.
-Buys, L. and Miller, E., 2012. Residential satisfaction in inner urban higher-density Brisbane, Australia: Role of dwelling design, neighbourhood and neighbours, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 55, p. 319-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2011.597592.
-Cao, X., 2016. How does neighborhood design affect life satisfaction? Evidence from twin cities. Travel Behav. Soc., v. 5, p. 68-76.
-Cao, X.J. and Wang, D., 2016. Environmental correlates of residential satisfaction: An exploration of mismatched neighborhood characteristics in the Twin Cities, Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 150, p. 26-35.
-Cao, Y., Li, F., Xi, X., Van Bilsen, D.J.C. and Xu, L., 2021. Urban viability viabilityviability: Agent-based simulation, assessment, and interpretation for the case of Futian District, Shenzhen. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 320, p. 1-15. 128662. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128662.
-Christy, F., Raissa, G., Sihotang, S. and Wijaya, K., 2021. Critical Analysis of Urban Viability ViabilityViability Measures Based on the Perspective of Placemaking, IOP Conference Series, Earth and Environmental Science; Bristol, v. 764, p. 1-6.  doi:10.1088/1755-1315/764/1/012016.
-Coppola, A., Scardera, A., Amato, M. and Verneau, F., 2020. Income Levels and Farm Economic Viability in Italian Farms: An Analysis of FADN Data. Sustainability, v. 12, p. 1-18. 4898. doi:10.3390/su12124898.
-Dalvand, H., shaterian, M. and Haidary, R., 2021. Structural Modeling of Livability Effect on Quality of Life based on the Public Survey Case Study: Dorud City, Sustainable city, v. 4(1), p. 71-86. doi: 10.22034/jsc.2021.204123.1277 (in Persian).
-De Vos, J. and Frank, W., 2017. Travel satisfaction revisited. On the pivotal role of travel satisfaction in conceptualising a travel behaviour process, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, v. 106, p. 364-373.
-Eizenberg, E., Jabareen, Y. and Zilberman, O., 2020. Planning by scale: the role of perceived scale in determining residential satisfaction. J. Plan. Educ. Res.,
https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0739456X20921431 https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X20921431.
-Fu, B., Yu, D. and Zhang, Y., 2019. The livable urban landscape: GIS and remote sensing extracted land use assessment for urban viability in Changchun Proper, China, Land Use Policy 87, 104048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104048.
-Gur, M., Murat, D. and Sezer, F.S., 2020. The effect of housing and neighborhood satisfaction on perception of happiness in Bursa, Turkey. J. Hous. Built Environ, v. 35(2), p. 679-697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09708-5.
-Hoseinzadeh, R., Safaralizadeh, E. and Khabbazi, H., 2022. Assessing the Livability of Urban Neighborhoods in the Direction of Sustainable Development, from the Perspective of Citizens, Case Study: Shahre Kohne and Seyed Morteza in Kashmar City, Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, v. 10(40), p. 123-140 (in Persian).
-Howley, P., Scott, M. and Redmond, D., 2009. Sustainability versus liveability: an investigation of neighbourhood satisfaction, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 52(6), p. 847-864. doi: 10.1080/09640560903083798
-Kovacs-Gyori, A., Cabrera-Barona, P., Resch, B., Mehaffy, M. and Blaschke, T., 2019. Assessing and Representing Viability through the Analysis of Residential Preference, Sustainability, v. 11(18), 4934.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184934w
-Khan, Z.J., 2021. Viability ViabilityViability Assessment through Literature Review: A Comparative Study between Dhaka and a South-East Asian City, Southeast University Journal of Architecture, SEUJA, v. 1, p. 8-15.
-Khomenko, S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Ambros, A., Wegener, S. and Mueller, N., 2020. Is a liveable city a healthy city?
Health impacts of urban and transport planning in Vienna, Austria. Environ. Res., v. 183, p. 1-14. 109238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109238.
-Leyden, K.M., Goldberg, A. and Michelbach, P., 2011. Understanding the pursuit of happiness in ten major cities. Urban Aff. Rev., v. 47(6), p. 861-888. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1078087411403120.
-Lee, K.Y., 2020. Factors Influencing the Community Viability ViabilityViability among the YoungerWorking-Age Population in Small and Medium Sized Cities: Focusing on Public Service Satisfaction, Local Government Trust, and Regional Differences. Ph.D. thesis, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
-Lee, K.Y., 2021. Factors Influencing Urban Viability in Seoul, Korea: Urban Environmental Satisfaction and Neighborhood Relations, Social Sciences, v. 10, p. 137-138. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/socsci10040138
-Lewicka, M., 2011. Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years? Journal of Environmental Psychology, v. 31, p. 207-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.10.001.
-Li. W.Y. and Yao C.C., 2018, Trends of viability viabilityviability in the capital region of Taiwan. J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng, v. 12, p. 293-300. doi: 10.3130/jaabe.12.293.
-Lotfi, S., Parizadi, T. and Nejati, A., 2018. Examining the status of livability of urban neighborhoods (A case study of zone 10 Tehran). Geography (Regional Planning), v. 8(31), p. 7-22 (in Persian).
-Marans, R.W., 2003. Understanding environmental quality through quality of life studies: the 2001 DAS and its use of subjective and objective indicators. Landsc. Urban Plan, v. 65(1-2), p. 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(02)00239-6.
-Marans, R.W. and Stimson, R., 2011. An overview of quality of urban life. In: Marans, R.W., Stimson, R.J. (Eds.), Investigating Quality of Urban Life: Theory, Methods, and Empirical Research. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, p. 1-29.
-Martino, N., Girling, C. and Lu, Y., 2021. Urban form and viability: socioeconomic and built environment indicators. Buildings and Cities, v. 2, p. 220-243. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.82.
-Mirzahossein, S., Ahmadi, M. and Zaker Haghighi, K., 2021. Estimating the livability based on the sense of place variables: A case study of Tehran metropolitan, district 1. Geographical Urban Planning Research (GUPR), v. 9(2), p. 361-385 (in Persian).
-Moon, H.N., Choul-Gyun, C. and Na-Kyoung, S., 2018. Analysis of the effect of perceived neighborhood physical environment on mental health, Seoul Studies, v. 19, p. 87-103.
-Mouratidis, K., 2020. Commute satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and housing satisfaction as predictors of subjective well-being and indicators of urban viability viabilityviability, Travel Behaviour and Society, v. 21, p. 265-278. doi:10.1016/j.tbs.2020.07.006.
-Mouratidis, K., 2018. Built environment and social well-being: How does urban form affect social life and personal relationships? Cities, v. 74, p. 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.10.020.
-Newton, P.W., 2012. Liveable and sustainable? Socio-technical challenges for twentyfirst-century cities. J. Urban Technol., v. 19(1), p. 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10630732.2012.626703.
-Okulicz-Kozaryn, A. and Valente, R.R., 2018. Viability Viabilityviability and Subjective Well-Being Across European Cities, Applied Research in Quality of Life, v. 14, p. 197-220. doi:10.1007/s11482-017-9587-7.
-Ozkan, D.G. and Yilmaz, S., 2019. The effects of physical and social attributes of place on place attachment. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, v. 13, p. 133-150. doi:10.1108/arch-11-2018-0010
-Pan, L., Zhang, L., Qin, S., Yan, H., Peng, R. and Li, F., 2021. Study on an Artificial Society of Urban Safety Viability ViabilityViability Change, ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf., v. 10, p. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10020070.
-Proshansky, H.M., Fabian, A.K. and Kamino, R., 1983. place identity: physical world socialization of the self, journal of environmental psychology, v. 3, p. 57-83.
-Rahimi, A., 2020. Urban Land Policies and Their Impact on the Development of Tabriz, v. 13(48), p. 109-130 (in Persian).
-Rostami, R., Mousavi, Y., Ghadimi, B. and Mirzai, K., 2021. Explaining the Effective Factors on Urban Livability Case Study: Ilam City. Sustainable city, v. 4(2), p. 107-124 (in Persian).
-Sadighi Aghdas, A., Ezzat Panah, B. and Beik Babaei, B., 2021. Evaluation of the livability of the central part of metropolises from the residents' point of view (case study: Tabriz metropolis), Scientific and Research Quarterly of New Approaches in Human Geography, v. 13(3), p. 646-666 (in Persian).
-Saravia-Matus, S., Amjath-Babu, T.S., Aravindakshan, S., Sieber, S., Saravia, J.A. and Gomez y Paloma, S., 2021. Can Enhancing Efficiency Promote the Economic Viability of Smallholder Farmers? A Case of Sierra Leone, Sustainability, v. 13, p. 1-17. 4235. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084235
-Soleimani, A., Majnouni Toutakhane, A., Soleimani, A.R. and Aftab, A., 2018. Assessment and Analysis of Sustainability Status in Metropolises, Case Study: All Ten Regions of Tabriz. GeoRes, v. 33(1), p. 140-157 (in Persian).
-Veysi Nab, B., Babaei Aghdam, F. and Ghorbani, R., 2019. An Analysis of Effective Economic Factors on Urban Livability (Case study: Tabriz Metropolis), IUESA, v. 7(27), p. 31-45 (in Persian).
-Xu, H. and Guo, X., 2017. Study on analysis model of key influencing factors of urban environment liveability. Adv. Eng. Res., v. 94 (ICSD 2016), p. 460-464. Available at: http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/download_paper.php?id=25871406.
-Zalnejad, K., Hossein, S.F. and Alipour, Y., 2019. The Impact of Livable City’s Principles on Improving Satisfaction Level of Citizens; Case Study: District 4 of region 4 of Tehran Municipality, Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, v. 12(28), p. 171-183 (in Persian).
-Zeynali Azim, A., Hatami Golzari, E., Karami, I. and Babazadeh Oskoui, S., 2021. Measuring the Environmental Sustainability of Tabriz City Based on Environmental Indicators of Smart Urban Growth. Sustainability, Development & Environment, v. 2(3), p. 41-59 (in Persian).
-Zhan, D., Kwan, M.P., Zhang, W., Fan, J., Yu, J. and Dang, Y., 2018. Assessment and determinants of satisfaction with urban viability viabilityviability in China. Cities, v. 79, p. 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2018.02.025.
-Zhang, X., Du, S., Du, S. and Liu, B., 2020. How do land-use patterns influence residential environment quality? A multiscale geographic survey in Beijing, Remote Sens Environ, v. 249, p. 1-16. 112014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112014.