نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
3 پژوهشگاه هواشناسی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کاهش مداوم ذخایر آب زیرزمینی در سرزمین ایران بر اهمیت بارش‌های جوی می‌افزاید. این حساسیت در نیمه جنوبی ایران و به ویژه جنوبغربی که منطقه‌ای انباشته از سدهای بزرگ است، بیشتر است. در این پژوهش نخست سازوکار بارش‌ها در دو فصل پاییز و زمستان در جنوب‌غرب ایران بررسی و مقایسه شد. سپس شرایط همدید بادوام‌ترین و شدیدترین بارش‌های رخ داده طی بازه‌ی آماری منتخب در سرزمینی مورد پژوهش شناسایی شد. دادههای روزانه بارندگی از 8 ایستگاه داده‌سنجی در بازه 30 ساله (1987-2016) در جنوب غرب ایران گردآوری شد. تفکیک بارش‌ها بر حسب دوام با استفاده از برنامه‌نویسی در محیط متلب؛ امکان انتخاب 40 نمونه بارش را فراهم کرد. طراحی الگوهای همدید شار رطوبت، ارتفاع جو و موقعیت هسته‌های روباد نتایج زیر را نشان داد: 1) منابع تامین‌کننده بارش‌های بادوام و فراگیر در فصل پاییز، آب‌های گرم پیرامون ایران شامل دریای سرخ، خلیج عدن، دریای عرب، خلیج فارس و دریای عمان است. 2) خاستگاه جریانات مرطوب این بارش‌ها از مناطق مرکزی آفریقای حاره‌ای است. 3) طی فصل زمستان این منابع عموما به دریای سرخ و خلیج عدن محدود شده‌اند. 4) همچنین تحلیل الگوهای موقعیت هسته‌های امگای منفی در تراز 500 هکتوپاسکال گویای شرایط التهاب و گرادیان حرارتی شدید در ستون جو روی سرزمین‌های جنوب غربی ایران طی فصل پاییز نسبت به زمستان است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparative analysis of the mechanism of autumn and winter rainfalls in the southwest of Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- maryam saghafi 1
- Gholam reza barati 1
- bohloul alijani 2
- Mohammad Moradi 3
1 Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 I.R. of Meteorological Institute, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Autumn and winter rains play an important role in Iran's agricultural and livestock economy, as well as feeding underground water tables, especially in the western and southwestern regions of Iran. The continuous reduction of underground water reserves in Iran increases the importance of atmospheric precipitation especially during autumn and winter seasons. This importance is affected by the centrality of agriculture in Iran, as well as the supply of drinking water in small and large cities.
This sensitivity is more in the southern half of Iran and especially in the southwest, which has rivers full of water and it, is a region full of large dams.
Data and methods
In this research, the mechanism of rainfall in the two seasons of autumn and winter in southwestern Iran was investigated and compared. Then, the synoptic conditions of the longest and most intense rainfalls that occurred during the selected data period in the research area were identified. In this research, a rainy day was defined as a day when the weather station received at least half a millimeter of rain. Also, the duration of rainfall at each station was defined as the number of consecutive days of rainfall at that station. In first step, daily rainfall data were collected from 8 weather stations in the 30-year period (1987-2016) in southwest Iran. During the second step, separation of rainfalls according their duration using programming in MATLAB environment; it made it possible to select 40 precipitation samples. During the last step, synoptic patterns were designed from daily weather maps, including moisture flux, atmospheric height, and the position of jet-stream cores.
Results
In this research, the analysis of patterns showed the following results: 1) Sources of continuous and widespread rains in the autumn season, warm waters around Iran include the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. 2) The origin of the wet currents of these rains is from the central regions of tropical Africa. 3) During the winter season, these resources are generally limited to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. 4) Also, the analysis of the position patterns of negative omega cores at the level of 500 hPa indicates the conditions of inflammation and severe thermal gradient in the atmospheric column over the southwestern lands of Iran during the autumn season compared to the winter.
Conclusion
Based on the designed patterns, the western troughs in the eastern Mediterranean deepen during the winter season compared to other seasons and they provide the following conditions for rainfall in southwest Iran: 1) The path of precipitation systems also reaches the southwest of Iran. 2) Stronger cores are formed from jet-stream in the southwest of Iran. 3) More water areas such as the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea contribute to the provision of rainfall moisture.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Southwest of Iran
- Widespread rainfalls
- Moisture flux
- Rainfall duration
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